Cognitive Load Theory

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Explanation:
Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) posits that working memory has limited capacity; therefore, learning is optimized when instructional materials reduce unnecessary mental load (Sweller, 1988).
CLT identifies three load types:

• Intrinsic load (complexity of material)
• Extraneous load (poor instructional design)
• Germane load (building knowledge structures)

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Example:
Breaking complex lessons into smaller steps helps learners process information efficiently.

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Citation:
Sweller, J. (1988). Cognitive load during problem‑solving: Effects on learning. Cognitive Science, 12(2), 257–285.

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