Explanation: This quote reflects the core principle of exposure-based therapies, which emphasize that avoidance maintains anxiety, while gradual, repeated exposure reduces fear through habituation and inhibitory learning. Facing feared situations …
Focus: Person-centered therapy and unconditional positive regard Explanation:Carl Rogers, a pioneer of humanistic psychology, proposed that self-acceptance is a prerequisite for personal growth. His client-centered approach emphasized unconditional positive regard, empathy, …
Focus: Cognitive restructuring and internal change Explanation:William James, known as the father of American psychology, emphasized the connection between inner belief systems and outward behavior. His ideas laid the groundwork for …
Focus: Feminist psychoanalysis and personal growth Explanation:Karen Horney was one of the first psychoanalysts to challenge Freud’s patriarchal theories and emphasize the role of cultural and interpersonal relationships in personality development. …
Focus: Behaviorism and the power of reinforcement Explanation:B.F. Skinner, a leading figure in behaviorism, emphasized that behavior is shaped by its consequences—namely reinforcement and punishment. According to operant conditioning, behaviors followed …
Definition: A growth mindset, as defined by Carol Dweck, is the belief that abilities and intelligence can be developed through dedication, hard work, and learning from feedback, as opposed to …
Definition: Victor Frankl, an Austrian psychiatrist and Holocaust survivor, developed logotherapy, a form of existential analysis emphasizing the search for meaning as the central human drive (Frankl, 1984). According to …
Definition: Unconditional positive regard (UPR) is a central concept in Carl Rogers’ humanistic approach to therapy. It refers to the therapist’s acceptance and support of a client, regardless of what …
Definition: Self-efficacy refers to an individual’s belief in their capacity to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance outcomes (Bandura, 1977). It influences how people think, feel, and behave, serving …